ultimate-vim/sources_non_forked/vim-gitgutter/README.mkd

## vim-gitgutter

A Vim plugin which shows a git diff in the 'gutter' (sign column).  It shows whether each line has been added, modified, and where lines have been removed.  You can also stage and undo individual hunks.

Features:

* Shows signs for added, modified, and removed lines.
* Runs the diffs asynchronously in terminal Vim/MacVim (7.4.1826+), gVim (7.4.1850+), MacVim GUI (7.4.1832+), and NeoVim.
* Ensures signs are always as up to date as possible (but without running more than necessary).
* Quick jumping between blocks of changed lines ("hunks").
* Stage/undo/preview individual hunks.
* Provides a hunk text object.
* Diffs against index (default) or any commit.
* Handles line endings correctly, even with repos that do CRLF conversion.
* Optional line highlighting.
* Fully customisable (signs, sign column, line highlights, mappings, extra git-diff arguments, etc).
* Can be toggled on/off.
* Preserves signs from other plugins.
* Easy to integrate diff stats into status line; built-in integration with [vim-airline](https://github.com/bling/vim-airline/).
* Works with fish shell (in addition to the usual shells).

Constraints:

* Supports git only.

If you work with other version control systems, I recommend [vim-signify](https://github.com/mhinz/vim-signify).


### Screenshot

![screenshot](https://raw.github.com/airblade/vim-gitgutter/master/screenshot.png)

In the screenshot above you can see:

* Line 15 has been modified.
* Lines 21-24 are new.
* A line or lines were removed between lines 25 and 26.


### Installation

Before installation, please check your Vim supports signs by running `:echo has('signs')`.  `1` means you're all set; `0` means you need to install a Vim with signs support.  If you're compiling Vim yourself you need the 'big' or 'huge' feature set.  [MacVim][] supports signs.

You install vim-gitgutter like any other vim plugin.

##### Pathogen

```
cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone git://github.com/airblade/vim-gitgutter.git
```

##### Voom

Edit your plugin manifest (`voom edit`) and add:

```
airblade/vim-gitgutter
```

##### VimPlug

Place this in your .vimrc:

```viml
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
```

Then run the following in Vim:

```
:source %
:PlugInstall
```

##### NeoBundle

Place this in your .vimrc:

```viml
NeoBundle 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
```

Then run the following in Vim:

```
:source %
:NeoBundleInstall
```

##### No plugin manager

Copy vim-gitgutter's subdirectories into your vim configuration directory:

```
cd /tmp && git clone git://github.com/airblade/vim-gitgutter.git
cp -r vim-gitgutter/* ~/.vim/
```

See `:help add-global-plugin`.


If you are on Windows you may find the command prompt pops up briefly every time vim-gitgutter runs.  You can avoid this by installing both [vim-misc](https://github.com/xolox/vim-misc) and [vim-shell](https://github.com/xolox/vim-shell).  If you have those two plugins but don't want vim-gitgutter to use them, you can opt out with `let g:gitgutter_avoid_cmd_prompt_on_windows = 0` in your `~/.vimrc`.


### Getting started

When you make a change to a file tracked by git, the diff markers should appear automatically.  The delay is governed by vim's `updatetime` option; the default value is 4 seconds but I suggest reducing it to around 250ms (add `set updatetime=250` to your vimrc).

You can jump between hunks with `[c` and `]c`.  You can preview, stage, and undo hunks with `<leader>hp`, `<leader>hs`, and `<leader>hu` respectively.

You cannot currently unstage a staged hunk.


#### Activation

You can explicitly turn vim-gitgutter off and on (defaults to on):

* turn off with `:GitGutterDisable`
* turn on with `:GitGutterEnable`
* toggle with `:GitGutterToggle`.

You can turn the signs on and off (defaults to on):

* turn on with `:GitGutterSignsEnable`
* turn off with `:GitGutterSignsDisable`
* toggle with `:GitGutterSignsToggle`.

And you can turn line highlighting on and off (defaults to off):

* turn on with `:GitGutterLineHighlightsEnable`
* turn off with `:GitGutterLineHighlightsDisable`
* toggle with `:GitGutterLineHighlightsToggle`.

Note that if you have line highlighting on and signs off, you will have an empty sign column – more accurately, a sign column with invisible signs.  This is because line highlighting requires signs and Vim always shows the sign column even if the signs are invisible.

If you switch off both line highlighting and signs, you won't see the sign column.  That is unless you have set `let g:gitgutter_sign_column_always = 1` so it's always there.

To keep your Vim snappy, vim-gitgutter will suppress itself when a file has more than 500 changes.  As soon as the number of changes falls below the limit vim-gitgutter will show the signs again.  You can configure the threshold with:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_max_signs = 500  " default value
```

#### Hunks

You can jump between hunks:

* jump to next hunk (change): `]c`
* jump to previous hunk (change): `[c`.

Both of those take a preceding count.

To set your own mappings for these, for example `]h` and `[h`:

```viml
nmap ]h <Plug>GitGutterNextHunk
nmap [h <Plug>GitGutterPrevHunk
```

You can stage or undo an individual hunk when your cursor is in it:

* stage the hunk with `<Leader>hs` or
* undo it with `<Leader>hu`.

See the FAQ if you want to unstage staged changes.

The `.` command will work with both these if you install [repeat.vim](https://github.com/tpope/vim-repeat).

To set your own mappings for these, for example if you prefer the mnemonics hunk-add and hunk-revert:

```viml
nmap <Leader>ha <Plug>GitGutterStageHunk
nmap <Leader>hr <Plug>GitGutterUndoHunk
```

And you can preview a hunk's changes with `<Leader>hp`.  You can of course change this mapping, e.g:

```viml
nmap <Leader>hv <Plug>GitGutterPreviewHunk
```

A hunk text object is provided which works in visual and operator-pending modes.

- `ic` operates on all lines in the current hunk.
- `ac` operates on all lines in the current hunk and any trailing empty lines.

To re-map these, for example to `ih` and `ah`:

```viml
omap ih <Plug>GitGutterTextObjectInnerPending
omap ah <Plug>GitGutterTextObjectOuterPending
xmap ih <Plug>GitGutterTextObjectInnerVisual
xmap ah <Plug>GitGutterTextObjectOuterVisual
```

If you don't want vim-gitgutter to set up any mappings at all, use this:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_map_keys = 0
```

Finally, you can force vim-gitgutter to update its signs across all visible buffers with `:GitGutterAll`.

See the customisation section below for how to change the defaults.


### When are the signs updated?

By default the signs are updated as follows:

| Event                     | Reason for update                    | Configuration          |
|---------------------------|--------------------------------------|------------------------|
| Stop typing               | So the signs are real time           | `g:gitgutter_realtime` |
| Switch buffer             | To notice change to git index        | `g:gitgutter_eager`    |
| Switch tab                | To notice change to git index        | `g:gitgutter_eager`    |
| Focus the GUI             | To notice change to git index        | `g:gitgutter_eager` (not gVim on Windows) |
| After shell command       | To notice change to git index        | `g:gitgutter_eager`    |
| Read a file into a buffer | To display initial signs             | [always]               |
| Save a buffer             | So non-realtime signs are up to date | [always]               |
| Change a file outside Vim | To notice `git stash`                | [always]               |

The length of time Vim waits after you stop typing before it triggers the plugin is governed by the setting `updatetime`.  This defaults to `4000` milliseconds which is rather too long.  I recommend around `250` milliseconds but it depends on your system and your preferences.  Note that in terminal Vim pre-7.4.427 an `updatetime` of less than approximately `1000` milliseconds can lead to random highlighting glitches; the lower the `updatetime`, the more glitches.

If you experience a lag, you can trade speed for accuracy:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_realtime = 0
let g:gitgutter_eager = 0
```

Note the realtime updating requires Vim 7.3.105 or higher.


### Customisation

You can customise:

* The sign column's colours
* Whether or not the sign column is shown when there aren't any signs (defaults to no)
* The signs' colours and symbols
* Line highlights
* The base of the diff
* Extra arguments for `git diff`
* Key mappings
* Whether or not vim-gitgutter is on initially (defaults to on)
* Whether or not signs are shown (defaults to yes)
* Whether or not line highlighting is on initially (defaults to off)
* Whether or not vim-gitgutter runs in "realtime" (defaults to yes)
* Whether or not vim-gitgutter runs eagerly (defaults to yes)
* Whether or not vim-gitgutter runs asynchronously (defaults to yes)

Please note that vim-gitgutter won't override any colours or highlights you've set in your colorscheme.


#### Sign column

By default vim-gitgutter will make the sign column look like the line number column.

To customise your sign column's background color, first tell vim-gitgutter to leave it alone:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_override_sign_column_highlight = 0
```

And then either update your colorscheme's `SignColumn` highlight group or set it in your vimrc:

```viml
highlight SignColumn ctermbg=whatever    " terminal Vim
highlight SignColumn guibg=whatever      " gVim/MacVim
```

By default the sign column will appear when there are signs to show and disappear when there aren't.  If you would always like the sign column to be there, add `let g:gitgutter_sign_column_always = 1` to your `~/.vimrc`.


#### Signs' colours and symbols

To customise the colours, set up the following highlight groups in your colorscheme or `~/.vimrc`:

```viml
GitGutterAdd          " an added line
GitGutterChange       " a changed line
GitGutterDelete       " at least one removed line
GitGutterChangeDelete " a changed line followed by at least one removed line
```

You can either set these with `highlight GitGutterAdd {key}={arg}...` or link them to existing highlight groups with, say, `highlight link GitGutterAdd DiffAdd`.

To customise the symbols, add the following to your `~/.vimrc`:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_sign_added = 'xx'
let g:gitgutter_sign_modified = 'yy'
let g:gitgutter_sign_removed = 'zz'
let g:gitgutter_sign_removed_first_line = '^^'
let g:gitgutter_sign_modified_removed = 'ww'
```


#### Line highlights

Similarly to the signs' colours, set up the following highlight groups in your colorscheme or `~/.vimrc`:

```viml
GitGutterAddLine          " default: links to DiffAdd
GitGutterChangeLine       " default: links to DiffChange
GitGutterDeleteLine       " default: links to DiffDelete
GitGutterChangeDeleteLine " default: links to GitGutterChangeLineDefault, i.e. DiffChange
```


#### The base of the diff

By default buffers are diffed against the index.  However you can diff against any commit by setting:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_diff_base = '<commit SHA>'
```


#### Extra arguments for `git diff`

If you want to pass extra arguments to `git diff`, for example to ignore whitespace, do so like this:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_diff_args = '-w'
```

#### Key mappings

To disable all key mappings:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_map_keys = 0
```

See above for configuring maps for hunk-jumping and staging/undoing.


#### Use a custom `grep` command

If you use an alternative to grep, you can tell vim-gitgutter to use it here.

```viml
" Default:
let g:gitgutter_grep_command = 'grep'
```

#### To turn off vim-gitgutter by default

Add `let g:gitgutter_enabled = 0` to your `~/.vimrc`.


#### To turn off signs by default

Add `let g:gitgutter_signs = 0` to your `~/.vimrc`.


#### To turn on line highlighting by default

Add `let g:gitgutter_highlight_lines = 1` to your `~/.vimrc`.


#### To turn off asynchronous updates

By default diffs are run asynchronously.  To run diffs synchronously instead:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_async = 0
```


### Extensions

#### Operate on every line in a hunk

You can map an operator to do whatever you want to every line in a hunk.

Let's say, for example, you want to remove trailing whitespace.

```viml
function! CleanUp(...)
  if a:0  " opfunc
    let [first, last] = [line("'["), line("']")]
  else
    let [first, last] = [line("'<"), line("'>")]
  endif
  for lnum in range(first, last)
    let line = getline(lnum)

    " clean up the text, e.g.:
    let line = substitute(line, '\s\+$', '', '')

    call setline(lnum, line)
  endfor
endfunction

nmap <silent> <Leader>x :set opfunc=CleanUp<CR>g@
```

Then place your cursor in a hunk and type `\xic` (assuming a leader of `\`).

Alternatively you could place your cursor in a hunk, type `vic` to select it, then `:call CleanUp()`.


#### Operate on every changed line in a file

You can write a command to do whatever you want to every changed line in a file.

```viml
function! GlobalChangedLines(ex_cmd)
  for hunk in GitGutterGetHunks()
    for lnum in range(hunk[2], hunk[2]+hunk[3]-1)
      let cursor = getcurpos()
      silent! execute lnum.a:ex_cmd
      call setpos('.', cursor)
    endfor
  endfor
endfunction

command -nargs=1 Glines call GlobalChangedLines(<q-args>)
```

Let's say, for example, you want to remove trailing whitespace from all changed lines:

```viml
:Glines s/\s\+$//
```


#### Cycle through hunks in all buffers

`]c` and `[c` jump from one hunk to the next in the current buffer.  You can use this code to jump to the next hunk no matter which buffer it's in.

```viml
function! NextHunkAllBuffers()
  let line = line('.')
  GitGutterNextHunk
  if line('.') != line
    return
  endif

  let bufnr = bufnr('')
  while 1
    bnext
    if bufnr('') == bufnr
      return
    endif
    if !empty(GitGutterGetHunks())
      normal! 1G
      GitGutterNextHunk
      return
    endif
  endwhile
endfunction

function! PrevHunkAllBuffers()
  let line = line('.')
  GitGutterPrevHunk
  if line('.') != line
    return
  endif

  let bufnr = bufnr('')
  while 1
    bprevious
    if bufnr('') == bufnr
      return
    endif
    if !empty(GitGutterGetHunks())
      normal! G
      GitGutterPrevHunk
      return
    endif
  endwhile
endfunction

nmap <silent> ]c :call NextHunkAllBuffers()<CR>
nmap <silent> [c :call PrevHunkAllBuffers()<CR>
```


### FAQ

> Why can't I unstage staged changes?

Unstaging staged hunks is feasible but not quite as easy as it sounds.  There are three relevant versions of a file at any one time:

1. The version at HEAD in the repo.
2. The version staged in the index.
3. The version in the working tree, in your vim buffer.

`git-diff` without arguments shows you how 3 and 2 differ; this is what vim-gitgutter shows too.

`git-diff --staged` shows you how 2 and 1 differ.

Let's say you are looking at a file in vim which has some unstaged changes.  Now you stage a hunk, either via vim-gitgutter or another means.  The hunk is no longer marked in vim-gitgutter because it is the same in 3 and 2.

Now you want to unstage that hunk.  To see it, you need the difference between 2 and 1.  For vim-gitgutter to show those differences, it would need to show you 2 instead of 3 in your vim buffer.  But 2 is virtual so vim-gitgutter would need to handle it without touching 3.

I intend to implement this but I can't commit to any deadline.

> Why are the colours in the sign column weird?

Your colorscheme is configuring the `SignColumn` highlight group weirdly.  Please see the section above on customising the sign column.

> There's a noticeable lag when vim-gitter runs; how can I avoid it?

By default vim-gitgutter runs often so the signs are as accurate as possible.  The delay is governed by `updatetime`; see [above](#when-are-the-signs-updated) for more information.

If you don't want realtime updates and would like to trade a little accuracy for speed, add this to your `~/.vimrc`:

```viml
let g:gitgutter_realtime = 0
let g:gitgutter_eager = 0
```

> What happens if I also use another plugin which uses signs (e.g. Syntastic)?

Vim only allows one sign per line.  Before adding a sign to a line, vim-gitgutter checks whether a sign has already been added by somebody else.  If so it doesn't do anything.  In other words vim-gitgutter won't overwrite another plugin's signs.  It also won't remove another plugin's signs.

> Why aren't any signs showing at all?

Here are some things you can check:

* `:echo system("git --version")` succeeds.
* Your git config is compatible with the version of git returned by the command above.
* Your Vim supports signs (`:echo has('signs')` should give `1`).
* Your file is being tracked by git and has unstaged changes.
* If you have aliased or configured `grep` to use any flags, add `let g:gitgutter_grep_command = 'grep'` to your `~/.vimrc`.

> Why is the whole file marked as added when I edit it?

* If you use zsh, and you set `CDPATH`, make sure `CDPATH` doesn't include the current directory.


### Shameless Plug

If this plugin has helped you, or you'd like to learn more about Vim, why not check out this screencast I wrote for PeepCode:

* [Smash Into Vim][siv]

This was one of PeepCode's all-time top three bestsellers and is now available at Pluralsight.

You can read reviews on my [website][airblade].


### Intellectual Property

Copyright Andrew Stewart, AirBlade Software Ltd.  Released under the MIT licence.


  [pathogen]: https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen
  [siv]: http://pluralsight.com/training/Courses/TableOfContents/smash-into-vim
  [airblade]: http://airbladesoftware.com/peepcode-vim
  [macvim]: http://code.google.com/p/macvim/