dotbot/README.md

Dotbot

Dotbot makes installing your dotfiles as easy as git clone $url && cd dotfiles && ./install, even on a freshly installed system!

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Dotbot is a tool that bootstraps your dotfiles (it's a [Dot]files [bo]o[t]strapper, get it?). It does less than you think, because version control systems do more than you think.

Dotbot is designed to be lightweight and self-contained, with no external dependencies and no installation required. Dotbot can also be a drop-in replacement for any other tool you were using to manage your dotfiles, and Dotbot is VCS-agnostic -- it doesn't make any attempt to manage your dotfiles.

If you want an in-depth tutorial about organizing your dotfiles, see this blog post.

Get Running in 5 Minutes

Starting Fresh?

Great! You can automate the creation of your dotfiles by using the user-contributed init-dotfiles script. If you'd rather use a template repository, check out dotfiles_template. Or, if you're just looking for some inspiration, we've got you covered.

Integrate with Existing Dotfiles

The following will help you get set up using Dotbot in just a few steps.

If you're using Git, you can add Dotbot as a submodule:

cd ~/.dotfiles # replace with the path to your dotfiles
git init # initialize repository if needed
git submodule add https://github.com/anishathalye/dotbot
ln -s dotbot/tools/git-submodule/install install
touch install.conf.yaml

If you're using Mercurial, you can add Dotbot as a subrepo:

cd ~/.dotfiles # replace with the path to your dotfiles
hg init # initialize repository if needed
echo "dotbot = [git]https://github.com/anishathalye/dotbot" > .hgsub
hg add .hgsub
git clone https://github.com/anishathalye/dotbot
ln -s dotbot/tools/hg-subrepo/install install
touch install.conf.yaml

To get started, you just need to fill in the install.conf.yaml and Dotbot will take care of the rest. To help you get started we have an example config file as well as configuration documentation for the accepted parameters.

Note: The install script is merely a shim that checks out the appropriate version of Dotbot and calls the full Dotbot installer. By default, the script assumes that the configuration is located in install.conf.yaml the Dotbot submodule is located in dotbot. You can change either of these parameters by editing the variables in the install script appropriately.

Setting up Dotbot as a submodule or subrepo locks it on the current version. You can upgrade Dotbot at any point. If using a submodule, run git submodule update --remote dotbot, substituting dotbot with the path to the Dotbot submodule; be sure to commit your changes before running ./install, otherwise the old version of Dotbot will be checked out by the install script. If using a subrepo, run git fetch && git checkout origin/master in the Dotbot directory.

Full Example

Here's an example of a complete configuration.

The conventional name for the configuration file is install.conf.yaml.

- defaults:
    link:
      relink: true

- clean: ['~']

- link:
    ~/.dotfiles: ''
    ~/.tmux.conf: tmux.conf
    ~/.vim: vim
    ~/.vimrc: vimrc

- shell:
  - [git submodule update --init --recursive, Installing submodules]

The configuration file can also be written in JSON. Here is the JSON equivalent of the YAML configuration given above.

The conventional name for this file is install.conf.json.

[
    {
        "defaults": {
            "link": {
                "relink": true
            }
        }
    },
    {
        "clean": ["~"]
    },
    {
        "link": {
            "~/.dotfiles": "",
            "~/.tmux.conf": "tmux.conf",
            "~/.vim": "vim",
            "~/.vimrc": "vimrc"
        }
    },
    {
        "shell": [
            ["git submodule update --init --recursive", "Installing submodules"]
        ]
    }
]

Configuration

Dotbot uses YAML or JSON formatted configuration files to let you specify how to set up your dotfiles. Currently, Dotbot knows how to link files and folders, execute shell commands, and clean directories of broken symbolic links. Dotbot also supports user plugins for custom commands.

Ideally, bootstrap configurations should be idempotent. That is, the installer should be able to be run multiple times without causing any problems. This makes a lot of things easier to do (in particular, syncing updates between machines becomes really easy).

Dotbot configuration files are arrays of tasks, where each task is a dictionary that contains a command name mapping to data for that command. Tasks are run in the order in which they are specified. Commands within a task do not have a defined ordering.

When writing nested constructs, keep in mind that YAML is whitespace-sensitive. Following the formatting used in the examples is a good idea.

Also, note that ~ in YAML is the same as null in JSON. If you want a single character string containing a tilde, make sure to enclose it in quotes: '~'

Link

Link commands specify how files and directories should be symbolically linked. If desired, items can be specified to be forcibly linked, overwriting existing files if necessary. Environment variables in paths are automatically expanded.

Format

Link commands are specified as a dictionary mapping targets to source locations. Source locations are specified relative to the base directory (that is specified when running the installer). Directory names should not contain a trailing "/" character.

Link commands support an (optional) extended configuration. In this type of configuration, instead of specifying source locations directly, targets are mapped to extended configuration dictionaries. These dictionaries map path to the source path, specify create as true if the parent directory should be created if necessary, specify relink as true if incorrect symbolic links should be automatically overwritten, specify force as true if the file or directory should be forcibly linked, and specify relative as true if the symbolic link should have a relative path.

Example

- link:
    ~/.config/terminator:
      create: true
      path: config/terminator
    ~/.vim: vim
    ~/.vimrc:
      relink: true
      path: vimrc
    ~/.zshrc:
      force: true
      path: zshrc

If the source location is omitted or set to null, Dotbot will use the basename of the destination, with a leading . stripped if present. This makes the following three config files equivalent:

- link:
    ~/bin/ack: ack
    ~/.vim: vim
    ~/.vimrc:
      relink: true
      path: vimrc
    ~/.zshrc:
      force: true
      path: zshrc

- link:
    ~/bin/ack:
    ~/.vim:
    ~/.vimrc:
      relink: true
    ~/.zshrc:
      force: true

[
  {
    "link": {
      "~/bin/ack": null,
      "~/.vim": null,
      "~/.vimrc": {
        "relink": true
      },
      "~/.zshrc": {
        "force": true
      }
    }
  }
]

Shell

Shell commands specify shell commands to be run. Shell commands are run in the base directory (that is specified when running the installer).

Format

Shell commands can be specified in several different ways. The simplest way is just to specify a command as a string containing the command to be run.

Another way is to specify a two element array where the first element is the shell command and the second is an optional human-readable description.

Shell commands support an extended syntax as well, which provides more fine-grained control. A command can be specified as a dictionary that contains the command to be run, a description, and whether stdin, stdout, and stderr are enabled. In this syntax, all keys are optional except for the command itself.

Example

- shell:
  - mkdir -p ~/src
  - [mkdir -p ~/downloads, Creating downloads directory]
  -
    command: read var && echo Your variable is $var
    stdin: true
    stdout: true
    description: Reading and printing variable
  -
    command: read fail
    stderr: true

Clean

Clean commands specify directories that should be checked for dead symbolic links. These dead links are removed automatically. Only dead links that point to the dotfiles directory are removed unless the force option is set to true.

Format

Clean commands are specified as an array of directories to be cleaned.

Clean commands support an extended configuration syntax. In this type of configuration, commands are specified as directory paths mapping to options. If the force option is set to true, dead links are removed even if they don't point to a file inside the dotfiles directory.

Example

- clean: ['~']

- clean:
    ~/.config:
      force: true

Defaults

Default options for plugins can be specified so that options don't have to be repeated many times. This can be very useful to use with the link command, for example.

Defaults apply to all commands that follow setting the defaults. Defaults can be set multiple times; each change replaces the defaults with a new set of options.

Format

Defaults are specified as a dictionary mapping action names to settings, which are dictionaries from option names to values.

Example

- defaults:
    link:
      create: true
      relink: true

Plugins

Dotbot also supports custom directives implemented by plugins. Plugins are implemented as subclasses of dotbot.Plugin, so they must implement can_handle() and handle(). The can_handle() method should return True if the plugin can handle an action with the given name. The handle() method should do something and return whether or not it completed successfully.

All built-in Dotbot directives are written as plugins that are loaded by default, so those can be used as a reference when writing custom plugins.

Plugins are loaded using the --plugin and --plugin-dir options, using either absolute paths or paths relative to the base directory. It is recommended that these options are added directly to the install script.

Wiki

Check out the Dotbot wiki for more information, tips and tricks, user-contributed plugins, and more.

Contributing

Do you have a feature request, bug report, or patch? Great! See CONTRIBUTING.md for information on what you can do about that.

License

Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Anish Athalye. Released under the MIT License. See LICENSE.md for details.