205 lines
9.5 KiB
Text
205 lines
9.5 KiB
Text
*surround.txt* Plugin for deleting, changing, and adding "surroundings"
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Author: Tim Pope <http://tpo.pe/>
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License: Same terms as Vim itself (see |license|)
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This plugin is only available if 'compatible' is not set.
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INTRODUCTION *surround*
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This plugin is a tool for dealing with pairs of "surroundings." Examples
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of surroundings include parentheses, quotes, and HTML tags. They are
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closely related to what Vim refers to as |text-objects|. Provided
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are mappings to allow for removing, changing, and adding surroundings.
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Details follow on the exact semantics, but first, consider the following
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examples. An asterisk (*) is used to denote the cursor position.
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Old text Command New text ~
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"Hello *world!" ds" Hello world!
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[123+4*56]/2 cs]) (123+456)/2
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"Look ma, I'm *HTML!" cs"<q> <q>Look ma, I'm HTML!</q>
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if *x>3 { ysW( if ( x>3 ) {
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my $str = *whee!; vllllS' my $str = 'whee!';
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While a few features of this plugin will work in older versions of Vim,
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Vim 7 is recommended for full functionality.
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MAPPINGS *surround-mappings*
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Delete surroundings is *ds* . The next character given determines the target
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to delete. The exact nature of the target is explained in |surround-targets|
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but essentially it is the last character of a |text-object|. This mapping
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deletes the difference between the "i"nner object and "a"n object. This is
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easiest to understand with some examples:
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Old text Command New text ~
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"Hello *world!" ds" Hello world!
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(123+4*56)/2 ds) 123+456/2
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<div>Yo!*</div> dst Yo!
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Change surroundings is *cs* . It takes two arguments, a target like with
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|ds|, and a replacement. *cS* changes surroundings, placing the surrounded
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text on its own line(s) like |yS|. Details about the second argument can be
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found below in |surround-replacements|. Once again, examples are in order.
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Old text Command New text ~
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"Hello *world!" cs"' 'Hello world!'
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"Hello *world!" cs"<q> <q>Hello world!</q>
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(123+4*56)/2 cs)] [123+456]/2
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(123+4*56)/2 cs)[ [ 123+456 ]/2
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<div>Yo!*</div> cst<p> <p>Yo!</p>
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*ys* takes a valid Vim motion or text object as the first object, and wraps
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it using the second argument as with |cs|. (It's a stretch, but a good
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mnemonic for "ys" is "you surround".)
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Old text Command New text ~
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Hello w*orld! ysiw) Hello (world)!
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As a special case, *yss* operates on the current line, ignoring leading
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whitespace.
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Old text Command New text ~
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Hello w*orld! yssB {Hello world!}
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There is also *yS* and *ySS* which indent the surrounded text and place it
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on a line of its own.
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In visual mode, a simple "S" with an argument wraps the selection. This is
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referred to as the *vS* mapping, although ordinarily there will be
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additional keystrokes between the v and S. In linewise visual mode, the
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surroundings are placed on separate lines and indented. In blockwise visual
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mode, each line is surrounded.
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A "gS" in visual mode, known as *vgS* , behaves similarly. In linewise visual
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mode, the automatic indenting is suppressed. In blockwise visual mode, this
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enables surrounding past the end of the line with 'virtualedit' set (there
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seems to be no way in Vim Script to differentiate between a jagged end of line
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selection and a virtual block selected past the end of the line, so two maps
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were needed).
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*i_CTRL-G_s* *i_CTRL-G_S*
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Finally, there is an experimental insert mode mapping on <C-G>s and <C-S>.
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Beware that the latter won't work on terminals with flow control (if you
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accidentally freeze your terminal, use <C-Q> to unfreeze it). The mapping
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inserts the specified surroundings and puts the cursor between them. If,
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immediately after the mapping and before the replacement, a second <C-S> or
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carriage return is pressed, the prefix, cursor, and suffix will be placed on
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three separate lines. <C-G>S (not <C-G>s) also exhibits this behavior.
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TARGETS *surround-targets*
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The |ds| and |cs| commands both take a target as their first argument. The
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possible targets are based closely on the |text-objects| provided by Vim.
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All targets are currently just one character.
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Eight punctuation marks, (, ), {, }, [, ], <, and >, represent themselves
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and their counterparts. If the opening mark is used, contained whitespace is
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also trimmed. The targets b, B, r, and a are aliases for ), }, ], and >
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(the first two mirror Vim; the second two are completely arbitrary and
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subject to change).
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Three quote marks, ', ", `, represent themselves, in pairs. They are only
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searched for on the current line.
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A t is a pair of HTML or XML tags. See |tag-blocks| for details. Remember
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that you can specify a numerical argument if you want to get to a tag other
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than the innermost one.
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The letters w, W, and s correspond to a |word|, a |WORD|, and a |sentence|,
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respectively. These are special in that they have nothing to delete, and
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used with |ds| they are a no-op. With |cs|, one could consider them a
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slight shortcut for ysi (cswb == ysiwb, more or less).
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A p represents a |paragraph|. This behaves similarly to w, W, and s above;
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however, newlines are sometimes added and/or removed.
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REPLACEMENTS *surround-replacements*
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A replacement argument is a single character, and is required by |cs|, |ys|,
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and |vS|. Undefined replacement characters (with the exception of alphabetic
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characters) default to placing themselves at the beginning and end of the
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destination, which can be useful for characters like / and |.
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If either ), }, ], or > is used, the text is wrapped in the appropriate pair
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of characters. Similar behavior can be found with (, {, and [ (but not <),
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which append an additional space to the inside. Like with the targets above,
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b, B, r, and a are aliases for ), }, ], and >. To fulfill the common need for
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code blocks in C-style languages, <C-}> (which is really <C-]>) adds braces on
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lines separate from the content.
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If t or < is used, Vim prompts for an HTML/XML tag to insert. You may specify
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attributes here and they will be stripped from the closing tag. If replacing a
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tag, its attributes are kept in the new tag. End your input with > to discard
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the those attributes. If <C-T> is used, the tags will appear on lines by
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themselves.
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If f, F, or <C-F> is used, Vim prompts for a function name to insert. The target
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text will be wrapped in a function call. If f is used, the text is wrapped with
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() parentheses; F adds additional spaces inside the parentheses. <C-F> inserts the
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function name inside the parentheses.
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Old text Command New text ~
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"hello" ysWfprint<cr> print("hello")
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"hello" ysWFprint<cr> print( "hello" )
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"hello" ysW<C-f>print<cr> (print "hello")
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If s is used, a leading but not trailing space is added. This is useful for
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removing parentheses from a function call with csbs.
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CUSTOMIZING *surround-customizing*
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The following adds a potential replacement on "-" (ASCII 45) in PHP files.
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(To determine the ASCII code to use, :echo char2nr("-")). The carriage
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return will be replaced by the original text.
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>
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autocmd FileType php let b:surround_45 = "<?php \r ?>"
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<
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This can be used in a PHP file as in the following example.
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Old text Command New text ~
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print "Hello *world!" yss- <?php print "Hello world!" ?>
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Additionally, one can use a global variable for globally available
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replacements.
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>
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let g:surround_45 = "<% \r %>"
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let g:surround_61 = "<%= \r %>"
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<
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Advanced, experimental, and subject to change: One can also prompt for
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replacement text. The syntax for this is to surround the replacement in pairs
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of low numbered control characters. If this sounds confusing, that's because
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it is (but it makes the parsing easy). Consider the following example for a
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LaTeX environment on the "l" replacement.
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>
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let g:surround_108 = "\\begin{\1environment: \1}\r\\end{\1\1}"
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<
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When this replacement is used, the user is prompted with an "environment: "
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prompt for input. This input is inserted between each set of \1's.
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Additional inputs up to \7 can be used.
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Furthermore, one can specify a regular expression substitution to apply.
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>
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let g:surround_108 = "\\begin{\1environment: \1}\r\\end{\1\r}.*\r\1}"
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<
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This will remove anything after the first } in the input when the text is
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placed within the \end{} slot. The first \r marks where the pattern begins,
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and the second where the replacement text begins.
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Here's a second example for creating an HTML <div>. The substitution cleverly
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prompts for an id, but only adds id="" if it is non-blank. You may have to
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read this one a few times slowly before you understand it.
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>
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let g:surround_{char2nr("d")} = "<div\1id: \r..*\r id=\"&\"\1>\r</div>"
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<
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Inputting text replacements is a proof of concept at this point. The ugly,
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unintuitive interface and the brevity of the documentation reflect this.
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Finally, It is possible to always append a string to surroundings in insert
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mode (and only insert mode). This is useful with certain plugins and mappings
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that allow you to jump to such markings.
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>
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let g:surround_insert_tail = "<++>"
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<
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vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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