210 lines
7.6 KiB
Text
210 lines
7.6 KiB
Text
*mlang.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2012 Jan 15
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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Multi-language features *multilang* *multi-lang*
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This is about using messages and menus in various languages. For editing
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multi-byte text see |multibyte|.
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The basics are explained in the user manual: |usr_45.txt|.
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1. Messages |multilang-messages|
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2. Menus |multilang-menus|
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3. Scripts |multilang-scripts|
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Also see |help-translated| for multi-language help.
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{Vi does not have any of these features}
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{not available when compiled without the |+multi_lang| feature}
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==============================================================================
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1. Messages *multilang-messages*
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Vim picks up the locale from the environment. In most cases this means Vim
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will use the language that you prefer, unless it's not available.
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To see a list of supported locale names on your system, look in one of these
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directories (for Unix):
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/usr/lib/locale ~
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/usr/share/locale ~
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Unfortunately, upper/lowercase differences matter. Also watch out for the
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use of "-" and "_".
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*:lan* *:lang* *:language* *E197*
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:lan[guage]
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:lan[guage] mes[sages]
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:lan[guage] cty[pe]
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:lan[guage] tim[e]
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Print the current language (aka locale).
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With the "messages" argument the language used for
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messages is printed. Technical: LC_MESSAGES.
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With the "ctype" argument the language used for
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character encoding is printed. Technical: LC_CTYPE.
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With the "time" argument the language used for
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strftime() is printed. Technical: LC_TIME.
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Without argument all parts of the locale are printed
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(this is system dependent).
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The current language can also be obtained with the
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|v:lang|, |v:ctype| and |v:lc_time| variables.
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:lan[guage] {name}
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:lan[guage] mes[sages] {name}
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:lan[guage] cty[pe] {name}
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:lan[guage] tim[e] {name}
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Set the current language (aka locale) to {name}.
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The locale {name} must be a valid locale on your
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system. Some systems accept aliases like "en" or
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"en_US", but some only accept the full specification
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like "en_US.ISO_8859-1". On Unix systems you can use
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this command to see what locales are supported: >
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:!locale -a
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< With the "messages" argument the language used for
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messages is set. This can be different when you want,
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for example, English messages while editing Japanese
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text. This sets $LC_MESSAGES.
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With the "ctype" argument the language used for
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character encoding is set. This affects the libraries
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that Vim was linked with. It's unusual to set this to
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a different value from 'encoding' or "C". This sets
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$LC_CTYPE.
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With the "time" argument the language used for time
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and date messages is set. This affects strftime().
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This sets $LC_TIME.
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Without an argument both are set, and additionally
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$LANG is set.
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When compiled with the |+float| feature the LC_NUMERIC
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value will always be set to "C", so that floating
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point numbers use '.' as the decimal point.
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This will make a difference for items that depend on
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the language (some messages, time and date format).
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Not fully supported on all systems
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If this fails there will be an error message. If it
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succeeds there is no message. Example: >
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:language
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Current language: C
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:language de_DE.ISO_8859-1
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:language mes
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Current messages language: de_DE.ISO_8859-1
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:lang mes en
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<
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MS-WINDOWS MESSAGE TRANSLATIONS *win32-gettext*
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If you used the self-installing .exe file, message translations should work
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already. Otherwise get the libintl.dll file if you don't have it yet:
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/gettext
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This also contains tools xgettext, msgformat and others.
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libintl.dll should be placed in same directory with (g)vim.exe, or some
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place where PATH environment value describe. Message files (vim.mo)
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have to be placed in "$VIMRUNTIME/lang/xx/LC_MESSAGES", where "xx" is the
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abbreviation of the language (mostly two letters).
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If you write your own translations you need to generate the .po file and
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convert it to a .mo file. You need to get the source distribution and read
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the file "src/po/README.txt".
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To overrule the automatic choice of the language, set the $LANG variable to
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the language of your choice. use "en" to disable translations. >
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:let $LANG = 'ja'
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(text for Windows by Muraoka Taro)
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==============================================================================
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2. Menus *multilang-menus*
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See |45.2| for the basics, esp. using 'langmenu'.
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Note that if changes have been made to the menus after the translation was
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done, some of the menus may be shown in English. Please try contacting the
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maintainer of the translation and ask him to update it. You can find the
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name and e-mail address of the translator in
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"$VIMRUNTIME/lang/menu_<lang>.vim".
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To set the font (or fontset) to use for the menus, use the |:highlight|
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command. Example: >
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:highlight Menu font=k12,r12
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ALIAS LOCALE NAMES
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Unfortunately, the locale names are different on various systems, even though
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they are for the same language and encoding. If you do not get the menu
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translations you expected, check the output of this command: >
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echo v:lang
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Now check the "$VIMRUNTIME/lang" directory for menu translation files that use
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a similar language. A difference in a "-" being a "_" already causes a file
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not to be found! Another common difference to watch out for is "iso8859-1"
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versus "iso_8859-1". Fortunately Vim makes all names lowercase, thus you
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don't have to worry about case differences. Spaces are changed to
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underscores, to avoid having to escape them.
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If you find a menu translation file for your language with a different name,
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create a file in your own runtime directory to load that one. The name of
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that file could be: >
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~/.vim/lang/menu_<v:lang>.vim
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Check the 'runtimepath' option for directories which are searched. In that
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file put a command to load the menu file with the other name: >
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runtime lang/menu_<other_lang>.vim
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TRANSLATING MENUS
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If you want to do your own translations, you can use the |:menutrans| command,
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explained below. It is recommended to put the translations for one language
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in a Vim script. For a language that has no translation yet, please consider
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becoming the maintainer and make your translations available to all Vim users.
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Send an e-mail to the Vim maintainer <maintainer@vim.org>.
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*:menut* *:menutrans* *:menutranslate*
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:menut[ranslate] clear
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Clear all menu translations.
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:menut[ranslate] {english} {mylang}
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Translate menu name {english} to {mylang}. All
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special characters like "&" and "<Tab>" need to be
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included. Spaces and dots need to be escaped with a
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backslash, just like in other |:menu| commands.
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See the $VIMRUNTIME/lang directory for examples.
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To try out your translations you first have to remove all menus. This is how
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you can do it without restarting Vim: >
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:source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
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:source <your-new-menu-file>
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:source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
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Each part of a menu path is translated separately. The result is that when
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"Help" is translated to "Hilfe" and "Overview" to "<22>berblick" then
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"Help.Overview" will be translated to "Hilfe.<2E>berblick".
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==============================================================================
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3. Scripts *multilang-scripts*
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In Vim scripts you can use the |v:lang| variable to get the current language
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(locale). The default value is "C" or comes from the $LANG environment
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variable.
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The following example shows how this variable is used in a simple way, to make
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a message adapt to language preferences of the user, >
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:if v:lang =~ "de_DE"
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: echo "Guten Morgen"
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:else
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: echo "Good morning"
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:endif
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<
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vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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