gen2stage4/README.md

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# mkstage4
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![CI](https://github.com/TheChymera/mkstage4/workflows/CI/badge.svg)
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This is a Bash script to create stage 4 tarballs either for the running system, or a system at a specified mount point.
The script was inspired by an earlier [mkstage4 script](https://github.com/gregf/bin/blob/master/mkstage4) by Greg Fitzgerald (unmaintained as of 2012) which itself was a revamped edition of the [original mkstage4](http://blinkeye.ch/dokuwiki/doku.php/projects/mkstage4) by Reto Glauser (unmaintained as of 2009).
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More information on mkstage4 can be found on the following blogs, though instructions may be outdated compared to the current version, best documented by this `README` file:
* English: [mkstage4 - Stage 4 Tarballs Made Easy](http://tutorials.chymera.eu/blog/2014/05/18/mkstage4-stage4-tarballs-made-easy/).
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* Chinese: [中文说明](http://liuk.io/blog/gentoo-stage4)
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## Installation
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The script can be run directly from its containing folder (and thus, is installed simply by downloading or cloning it from here - and adding run permissions):
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/TheChymera/mkstage4.git /your/mkstage4/directory
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cd /your/mkstage4/directory
chmod +x mkstage4.sh
```
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For [Gentoo Linux](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_linux) and [Derivatives](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gentoo_Linux_derivatives), mkstage4 is also available in [Portage](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_(software)) via the base Gentoo overlay.
On any Gentoo system, just run the following command:
```bash
emerge app-backup/mkstage4
```
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## Usage
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*If you are running the script from the containing folder (first install method) please make sure you use the `./mkstage4.sh` command instead of just `mkstage4`!*
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Archive your current system (mounted at /):
```bash
mkstage4 -s archive_name
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```
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Archive a system located at a custom mount point:
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```bash
mkstage4 -t /custom/mount/point archive_name
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```
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Command line arguments:
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```bash
mkstage4.sh [-q -c -b -l -k -p] [-s || -t <target-mountpoint>] [-e <additional excludes dir*>] <archive-filename> [custom-tar-options]
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-q: activates quiet mode (no confirmation).
-c: excludes connman network lists.
-b: excludes boot directory.
-l: excludes lost+found directory.
-p: compresses parallelly using pbzip2.
-e: an additional excludes directory (one dir one -e).
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-s: makes tarball of current system.
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-k: separately save current kernel modules and src (smaller & save decompression time).
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-t: makes tarball of system located at the <target-mountpoint>.
-C: specify tar compression (shows available on runtime and default is bz2)
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-h: displays help message.
```
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## Extract Tarball
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Tarballs created with mkstage4 can be extracted with:
```bash
tar xvjpf archive_name.tar.bz2
```
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To preserve binary attributes and use numeric owner identifiers (considered good practice on Gentoo), you can simply append the relevant flags to the respective `tar` commands, e.g.:
```bash
tar xvjpf archive_name.tar.bz2 --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner
```
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If you use the `-k` option, extract `src` and the modules separately:
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```bash
tar xvjpf archive_name.tar.bz2.kmod
tar xvjpf archive_name.tar.bz2.ksrc
```
If you have one of parallel (de-)compressors installed, you can extract with:
In case of pbzip2:
```bash
tar -I pbzip2 -xvf archive_name.tar.bz2 --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner
```
Or xz:
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```bash
tar -I 'xz -T0' -xvf archive_name.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner
```
Some compressors have separate binaries for the decompression, like gzip:
```bash
tar -I unpigz -xvf archive_name.tar.gz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner
```
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## Dependencies
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*Please note that these are very basic dependencies and should already be included in any Linux system.*
* **[Bash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell))** - in [Portage](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_(software)) as **[app-shells/bash](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-shells/bash)**
* **[tar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(computing))** - in Portage as **[app-arch/tar](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/tar)**
* **[bzip2](https://gitlab.com/federicomenaquintero/bzip2)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/bzip2](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/bzip2)** (single thread, default compression)
**Optionals**:
*If one the following is installed the archive will be compressed using multiple parallel threads when available, in order of succession:*
* `-C xz`:
* **[xz](https://tukaani.org/xz/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/xz](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/xz-utils)**, (parallel)
* **[pixz](https://github.com/vasi/pixz)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/pixz](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/pixz)**, (parallel, indexed)
* `-C bz2`:
* **[pbzip2](https://launchpad.net/pbzip2/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/pbzip2](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/pbzip2)**, (parallel)
* **[lbzip2](https://github.com/kjn/lbzip2/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/lbzip2](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/lbzip2)**, (parallel, faster and more efficient)
* `-C gz`:
* **[gzip](https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/gzip](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/gzip)**, (single thread)
* **[pigz](https://www.zlib.net/pigz/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/pigz](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/pigz)**, (parallel)
* `-C lrz`:
* **[lrzip](https://github.com/ckolivas/lrzip/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/lrzip](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/lrzip)**, (parallel)
* `-C lz`:
* **[lzip](https://www.nongnu.org/lzip/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/lzip](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/lzip)**, (single thread)
* **[plzip](https://www.nongnu.org/lzip/plzip.html)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/plzip](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/plzip)**, (parallel)
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* `-C lz4`:
* **[lz4](https://github.com/lz4/lz4)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/lz4](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/lz4)**, (parallel)
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* `-C lzo`:
* **[lzop](https://www.lzop.org/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/lzop](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/lzop)**, (parallel)
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* `-C zstd`:
* **[zstd](https://facebook.github.io/zstd/)** - in Portage as **[app-arch/zstd](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-arch/zstd)**, (parallel)
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---
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Released under the GPLv3 license.
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Project led by Horea Christian (address all correspondence to: chr@chymera.eu).