diff --git a/dotbot/dispatcher.py b/dotbot/dispatcher.py
index 630c895..ad82bd9 100644
--- a/dotbot/dispatcher.py
+++ b/dotbot/dispatcher.py
@@ -7,7 +7,13 @@ from .context import Context
 
 class Dispatcher(object):
     def __init__(
-        self, base_directory, only=None, skip=None, exit_on_failure=False, options=Namespace(), plugins=None,
+        self,
+        base_directory,
+        only=None,
+        skip=None,
+        exit_on_failure=False,
+        options=Namespace(),
+        plugins=None,
     ):
         self._log = Messenger()
         self._setup_context(base_directory, options)
diff --git a/dotbot/plugins/clean.py b/dotbot/plugins/clean.py
index 1d17b72..70d3522 100644
--- a/dotbot/plugins/clean.py
+++ b/dotbot/plugins/clean.py
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ class Clean(Plugin):
             self._log.debug("Ignoring nonexistent directory %s" % target)
             return True
         for item in os.listdir(os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(target))):
-            path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(target)), item))
+            path = os.path.abspath(
+                os.path.join(os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(target)), item)
+            )
             if recursive and os.path.isdir(path):
                 # isdir implies not islink -- we don't want to descend into
                 # symlinked directories. okay to do a recursive call here
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 74a01a8..3d9da2e 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def wrap_function(function, function_path, arg_index, kwarg_key, root):
 
         msg = "The '{0}' argument to {1}() must be rooted in {2}"
         msg = msg.format(kwarg_key, function_path, root)
-        assert value[:len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
+        assert value[: len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
 
         return function(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def wrap_open(root):
         msg = "The 'file' argument to open() must be rooted in {0}"
         msg = msg.format(root)
         if value != os.devnull and "w" in mode:
-            assert value[:len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
+            assert value[: len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
 
         return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -161,9 +161,7 @@ def root():
         # to ensure the variable closures work correctly.
         function_path = "{0}.{1}".format(module.__name__, function_name)
         function = getattr(module, function_name)
-        wrapped = wrap_function(
-            function, function_path, arg_index, kwarg_key, current_root
-        )
+        wrapped = wrap_function(function, function_path, arg_index, kwarg_key, current_root)
         patches.append(mock.patch(function_path, wrapped))
 
     # open() must be separately wrapped.
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ class Dotfiles(object):
 
             msg = "The config file path must be rooted in {0}"
             msg = msg.format(root)
-            assert path[:len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
+            assert path[: len(str(root))] == str(root), msg
 
             self.config_filename = path
         else:
diff --git a/tests/dotbot_plugin_directory.py b/tests/dotbot_plugin_directory.py
index 5ab828a..517b5c8 100644
--- a/tests/dotbot_plugin_directory.py
+++ b/tests/dotbot_plugin_directory.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ class Directory(dotbot.Plugin):
         self._log.debug("Attempting to get options from Context")
         options = self._context.options()
         if len(options.plugin_dirs) != 1:
-            self._log.debug("Context.options.plugins length is %i, expected 1" % len(options.plugins))
+            self._log.debug(
+                "Context.options.plugins length is %i, expected 1" % len(options.plugins)
+            )
             return False
 
         with open(os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser("~/flag")), "w") as file:
diff --git a/tests/dotbot_plugin_file.py b/tests/dotbot_plugin_file.py
index 23b6a36..832d585 100644
--- a/tests/dotbot_plugin_file.py
+++ b/tests/dotbot_plugin_file.py
@@ -16,10 +16,14 @@ class File(dotbot.Plugin):
         self._log.debug("Attempting to get options from Context")
         options = self._context.options()
         if len(options.plugins) != 1:
-            self._log.debug("Context.options.plugins length is %i, expected 1" % len(options.plugins))
+            self._log.debug(
+                "Context.options.plugins length is %i, expected 1" % len(options.plugins)
+            )
             return False
         if not options.plugins[0].endswith("file.py"):
-            self._log.debug("Context.options.plugins[0] is %s, expected end with file.py" % options.plugins[0])
+            self._log.debug(
+                "Context.options.plugins[0] is %s, expected end with file.py" % options.plugins[0]
+            )
             return False
 
         with open(os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser("~/flag")), "w") as file:
diff --git a/tests/test_clean.py b/tests/test_clean.py
index e67d4de..63bcd75 100644
--- a/tests/test_clean.py
+++ b/tests/test_clean.py
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ import pytest
 # For these reasons, if the tests are running on Windows with Python < 3.8
 # or with PyPy, the entire link test suite must be skipped.
 #
-if (
-    sys.platform[:5] == "win32"
-    and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or "pypy" in sys.version.lower())
-):
+if sys.platform[:5] == "win32" and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or "pypy" in sys.version.lower()):
     reason = "It is impossible to perform link tests on this platform"
     pytestmark = pytest.mark.skip(reason=reason)
 
@@ -27,12 +24,16 @@ def test_clean_default(root, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify clean uses default unless overridden."""
 
     os.symlink(os.path.join(root, "nowhere"), os.path.join(home, ".g"))
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "clean": {
-            "~/nonexistent": {"force": True},
-            "~/": None,
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "clean": {
+                    "~/nonexistent": {"force": True},
+                    "~/": None,
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(home, "nonexistent"))
@@ -140,10 +141,12 @@ def test_clean_defaults_2(root, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that explicit clean defaults override the implicit default."""
 
     os.symlink(os.path.join(root, "nowhere"), os.path.join(home, ".g"))
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"clean": {"force": True}}},
-        {"clean": ["~"]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"clean": {"force": True}}},
+            {"clean": ["~"]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.islink(os.path.join(home, ".g"))
diff --git a/tests/test_cli.py b/tests/test_cli.py
index 8ce690a..5868e6f 100644
--- a/tests/test_cli.py
+++ b/tests/test_cli.py
@@ -7,12 +7,16 @@ import pytest
 def test_except_create(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--except` works as intended."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [
-            {"command": "echo success", "stdout": True},
-        ]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {"command": "echo success", "stdout": True},
+                ]
+            },
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--except", "create")
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -23,12 +27,16 @@ def test_except_create(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_except_shell(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--except` works as intended."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [
-            {"command": "echo failure", "stdout": True},
-        ]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {"command": "echo failure", "stdout": True},
+                ]
+            },
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--except", "shell")
 
     assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -39,12 +47,16 @@ def test_except_shell(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_except_multiples(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--except` works with multiple exceptions."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [
-            {"command": "echo failure", "stdout": True},
-        ]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {"command": "echo failure", "stdout": True},
+                ]
+            },
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--except", "create", "shell")
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -55,11 +67,13 @@ def test_except_multiples(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_exit_on_failure(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that processing can halt immediately on failures."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": ["this_is_not_a_command"]},
-        {"create": ["~/b"]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {"shell": ["this_is_not_a_command"]},
+            {"create": ["~/b"]},
+        ]
+    )
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
         run_dotbot("-x")
 
@@ -70,10 +84,12 @@ def test_exit_on_failure(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_only(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--only` works as intended."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [{"command": "echo success", "stdout": True}]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {"shell": [{"command": "echo success", "stdout": True}]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--only", "shell")
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -84,11 +100,13 @@ def test_only(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_only_with_defaults(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--only` does not suppress defaults."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [{"command": "echo success"}]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {"shell": [{"command": "echo success"}]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--only", "shell")
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -99,11 +117,13 @@ def test_only_with_defaults(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_only_with_multiples(capfd, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that `--only` works as intended."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"create": ["~/a"]},
-        {"shell": [{"command": "echo success", "stdout": True}]},
-        {"link": ["~/.f"]}
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"create": ["~/a"]},
+            {"shell": [{"command": "echo success", "stdout": True}]},
+            {"link": ["~/.f"]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("--only", "create", "shell")
 
     assert os.path.isdir(os.path.join(home, "a"))
@@ -128,7 +148,9 @@ def test_plugin_loading_directory(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that plugins can be loaded from a directory."""
 
     dotfiles.makedirs("plugins")
-    plugin_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "dotbot_plugin_directory.py")
+    plugin_file = os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "dotbot_plugin_directory.py"
+    )
     shutil.copy(plugin_file, os.path.join(dotfiles.directory, "plugins", "directory.py"))
     dotfiles.write_config([{"plugin_directory": "~"}])
     run_dotbot("--plugin-dir", os.path.join(dotfiles.directory, "plugins"))
diff --git a/tests/test_create.py b/tests/test_create.py
index 7ea1ab6..7b2c6d5 100644
--- a/tests/test_create.py
+++ b/tests/test_create.py
@@ -24,10 +24,7 @@ def test_default_mode(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """
 
     read_only = 0o777 - stat.S_IWUSR - stat.S_IWGRP - stat.S_IWOTH
-    config = [
-        {"defaults": {"create": {"mode": read_only}}},
-        {"create": ["~/a"]}
-    ]
+    config = [{"defaults": {"create": {"mode": read_only}}}, {"create": ["~/a"]}]
     dotfiles.write_config(config)
     run_dotbot()
 
diff --git a/tests/test_link.py b/tests/test_link.py
index e620b6a..37ddded 100644
--- a/tests/test_link.py
+++ b/tests/test_link.py
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ import pytest
 # For these reasons, if the tests are running on Windows with Python < 3.8
 # or with PyPy, the entire link test suite must be skipped.
 #
-if (
-    sys.platform[:5] == "win32"
-    and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or "pypy" in sys.version.lower())
-):
+if sys.platform[:5] == "win32" and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or "pypy" in sys.version.lower()):
     reason = "It is impossible to perform link tests on this platform"
     pytestmark = pytest.mark.skip(reason=reason)
 
@@ -98,7 +95,9 @@ def test_link_environment_variable_expansion_source(monkeypatch, root, home, dot
         assert file.read() == "grape"
 
 
-def test_link_environment_variable_expansion_source_extended(monkeypatch, root, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
+def test_link_environment_variable_expansion_source_extended(
+    monkeypatch, root, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot
+):
     """Verify link expands environment variables in extended config syntax."""
 
     monkeypatch.setenv("APPLE", "h")
@@ -198,10 +197,12 @@ def test_link_glob_1(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("bin/a", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("bin/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("bin/c", "cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/bin": "bin/*"}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/bin": "bin/*"}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     with open(os.path.join(home, "bin", "a")) as file:
@@ -218,10 +219,12 @@ def test_link_glob_2(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("bin/a", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("bin/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("bin/c", "cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/bin/": "bin/*"}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/bin/": "bin/*"}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     with open(os.path.join(home, "bin", "a")) as file:
@@ -238,10 +241,12 @@ def test_link_glob_3(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("bin/.a", "dot-apple")
     dotfiles.write("bin/.b", "dot-banana")
     dotfiles.write("bin/.c", "dot-cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/bin/": "bin/.*"}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/bin/": "bin/.*"}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     with open(os.path.join(home, "bin", ".a")) as file:
@@ -258,14 +263,18 @@ def test_link_glob_4(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write(".a", "dot-apple")
     dotfiles.write(".b", "dot-banana")
     dotfiles.write(".c", "dot-cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~": {
-                "path": ".*",
-                "glob": True,
-            },
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~": {
+                        "path": ".*",
+                        "glob": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     with open(os.path.join(home, ".a")) as file:
@@ -281,14 +290,18 @@ def test_link_glob_ambiguous_failure(path, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify ambiguous link globbing fails."""
 
     dotfiles.makedirs("foo")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/foo/": {
-                "path": path,
-                "glob": True,
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/foo/": {
+                        "path": path,
+                        "glob": True,
+                    }
+                }
             }
-        }
-    }])
+        ]
+    )
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
         run_dotbot()
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "foo"))
@@ -298,14 +311,18 @@ def test_link_glob_ambiguous_success(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify the case where ambiguous link globbing succeeds."""
 
     dotfiles.makedirs("foo")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/foo": {
-                "path": "foo",
-                "glob": True,
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/foo": {
+                        "path": "foo",
+                        "glob": True,
+                    }
+                }
             }
-        }
-    }])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
     assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, "foo"))
 
@@ -317,24 +334,26 @@ def test_link_glob_exclude_1(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/bar/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("config/bar/c", "cherry")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/d", "donut")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "glob": True,
+                        "create": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            {
                 "link": {
-                    "glob": True,
-                    "create": True,
+                    "~/.config/": {
+                        "path": "config/*",
+                        "exclude": ["config/baz"],
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.config/": {
-                    "path": "config/*",
-                    "exclude": ["config/baz"],
-                },
-            },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".config", "baz"))
@@ -358,24 +377,26 @@ def test_link_glob_exclude_2(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/bar/c", "cherry")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/d", "donut")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/buzz/e", "egg")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "glob": True,
+                        "create": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            {
                 "link": {
-                    "glob": True,
-                    "create": True,
+                    "~/.config/": {
+                        "path": "config/*/*",
+                        "exclude": ["config/baz/*"],
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.config/": {
-                    "path": "config/*/*",
-                    "exclude": ["config/baz/*"],
-                },
-            },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".config", "baz"))
@@ -401,24 +422,26 @@ def test_link_glob_exclude_3(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/d", "donut")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/buzz/e", "egg")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/bizz/g", "grape")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "glob": True,
+                        "create": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            {
                 "link": {
-                    "glob": True,
-                    "create": True,
+                    "~/.config/": {
+                        "path": "config/*/*",
+                        "exclude": ["config/baz/buzz"],
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.config/": {
-                    "path": "config/*/*",
-                    "exclude": ["config/baz/buzz"],
-                },
-            },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".config", "baz", "buzz"))
@@ -451,24 +474,26 @@ def test_link_glob_exclude_4(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/buzz/e", "egg")
     dotfiles.write("config/baz/bizz/g", "grape")
     dotfiles.write("config/fiz/f", "fig")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "glob": True,
+                        "create": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            {
                 "link": {
-                    "glob": True,
-                    "create": True,
+                    "~/.config/": {
+                        "path": "config/*/*",
+                        "exclude": ["config/baz/*", "config/fiz/*"],
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.config/": {
-                    "path": "config/*/*",
-                    "exclude": ["config/baz/*", "config/fiz/*"],
-                },
-            },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".config", "baz"))
@@ -492,10 +517,12 @@ def test_link_glob_multi_star(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/foo/a", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("config/bar/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("config/bar/c", "cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/.config/": "config/*/*"}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/.config/": "config/*/*"}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.islink(os.path.join(home, ".config"))
@@ -518,7 +545,7 @@ def test_link_glob_multi_star(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
         ("conf/[bc]*", lambda fruit: fruit if fruit[0] in "bc" else None),
         ("conf/*e", lambda fruit: fruit if fruit[-1] == "e" else None),
         ("conf/??r*", lambda fruit: fruit if fruit[2] == "r" else None),
-    )
+    ),
 )
 def test_link_glob_patterns(pattern, expect_file, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify link glob pattern matching."""
@@ -526,10 +553,12 @@ def test_link_glob_patterns(pattern, expect_file, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     fruits = ["apple", "apricot", "banana", "cherry", "currant", "cantalope"]
     [dotfiles.write("conf/" + fruit, fruit) for fruit in fruits]
     [dotfiles.write("conf/." + fruit, "dot-" + fruit) for fruit in fruits]
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/globtest": pattern}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/globtest": pattern}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     for fruit in fruits:
@@ -554,10 +583,12 @@ def test_link_glob_recursive(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("config/foo/bar/a", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("config/foo/bar/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("config/foo/bar/c", "cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/.config/": {"path": "config/**", "exclude": ["config/**/b"]}}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"glob": True, "create": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/.config/": {"path": "config/**", "exclude": ["config/**/b"]}}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.islink(os.path.join(home, ".config"))
@@ -581,14 +612,18 @@ def test_link_if(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(home, "d"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/.f": {"path": "f", "if": "true"},
-            "~/.g": {"path": "f", "if": "false"},
-            "~/.h": {"path": "f", "if": "[ -d ~/d ]"},
-            "~/.i": {"path": "f", "if": "badcommand"},
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/.f": {"path": "f", "if": "true"},
+                    "~/.g": {"path": "f", "if": "false"},
+                    "~/.h": {"path": "f", "if": "[ -d ~/d ]"},
+                    "~/.i": {"path": "f", "if": "badcommand"},
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".g"))
@@ -608,21 +643,23 @@ def test_link_if_defaults(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(home, "d"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
-                "link": {
-                    "if": "false",
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "if": "false",
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.j": {"path": "f", "if": "true"},
-                "~/.k": {"path": "f"},  # default is false
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/.j": {"path": "f", "if": "true"},
+                    "~/.k": {"path": "f"},  # default is false
+                },
             },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".k"))
@@ -639,14 +676,18 @@ def test_link_if_windows(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(home, "d"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/.f": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 0"'},
-            "~/.g": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 1"'},
-            "~/.h": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "dir %USERPROFILE%\\d'},
-            "~/.i": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "badcommand"'},
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/.f": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 0"'},
+                    "~/.g": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 1"'},
+                    "~/.h": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "dir %USERPROFILE%\\d'},
+                    "~/.i": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "badcommand"'},
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".g"))
@@ -666,21 +707,23 @@ def test_link_if_defaults_windows(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 
     os.mkdir(os.path.join(home, "d"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
-                "link": {
-                    "if": 'cmd /c "exit 1"',
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "link": {
+                        "if": 'cmd /c "exit 1"',
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "link": {
-                "~/.j": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 0"'},
-                "~/.k": {"path": "f"},  # default is false
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/.j": {"path": "f", "if": 'cmd /c "exit 0"'},
+                    "~/.k": {"path": "f"},  # default is false
+                },
             },
-        },
-    ])
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     assert not os.path.exists(os.path.join(home, ".k"))
@@ -692,14 +735,18 @@ def test_link_if_defaults_windows(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_link_ignore_missing(ignore_missing, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify link 'ignore_missing' is respected when the target is missing."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/missing_link": {
-                "path": "missing",
-                "ignore-missing": ignore_missing,
-            },
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/missing_link": {
+                        "path": "missing",
+                        "ignore-missing": ignore_missing,
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
 
     if ignore_missing:
         run_dotbot()
@@ -728,10 +775,7 @@ def test_link_no_canonicalize(key, home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify link canonicalization can be disabled."""
 
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {key: False}}},
-        {"link": {"~/.f": {"path": "f"}}}
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config([{"defaults": {"link": {key: False}}}, {"link": {"~/.f": {"path": "f"}}}])
     try:
         os.symlink(
             dotfiles.directory,
@@ -759,15 +803,19 @@ def test_link_prefix(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("conf/a", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("conf/b", "banana")
     dotfiles.write("conf/c", "cherry")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/": {
-                "glob": True,
-                "path": "conf/*",
-                "prefix": ".",
-            },
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/": {
+                        "glob": True,
+                        "path": "conf/*",
+                        "prefix": ".",
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
     with open(os.path.join(home, ".a")) as file:
         assert file.read() == "apple"
@@ -782,26 +830,30 @@ def test_link_relative(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
     dotfiles.write("d/e", "grape")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {
-            "~/.f": {
-                "path": "f",
-            },
-            "~/.frel": {
-                "path": "f",
-                "relative": True,
-            },
-            "~/nested/.frel": {
-                "path": "f",
-                "relative": True,
-                "create": True,
-            },
-            "~/.d": {
-                "path": "d",
-                "relative": True,
-            },
-        },
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {
+                    "~/.f": {
+                        "path": "f",
+                    },
+                    "~/.frel": {
+                        "path": "f",
+                        "relative": True,
+                    },
+                    "~/nested/.frel": {
+                        "path": "f",
+                        "relative": True,
+                        "create": True,
+                    },
+                    "~/.d": {
+                        "path": "d",
+                        "relative": True,
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     f = os.readlink(os.path.join(home, ".f"))
@@ -866,15 +918,17 @@ def test_link_relink_relative_leaves_file(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
     with open(os.path.join(home, ".f"), "w") as file:
         file.write("grape")
-    config = [{
-        "link": {
-            "~/.folder/f": {
-                "path": "f",
-                "create": True,
-                "relative": True,
+    config = [
+        {
+            "link": {
+                "~/.folder/f": {
+                    "path": "f",
+                    "create": True,
+                    "relative": True,
+                },
             },
-        },
-    }]
+        }
+    ]
     dotfiles.write_config(config)
     run_dotbot()
 
@@ -895,9 +949,13 @@ def test_link_defaults_1(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
         file.write("grape")
     os.symlink(os.path.join(home, "f"), os.path.join(home, ".f"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "link": {"~/.f": "f"},
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "link": {"~/.f": "f"},
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
         run_dotbot()
 
@@ -912,10 +970,12 @@ def test_link_defaults_2(home, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
         file.write("grape")
     os.symlink(os.path.join(home, "f"), os.path.join(home, ".f"))
     dotfiles.write("f", "apple")
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"link": {"relink": True}}},
-        {"link": {"~/.f": "f"}},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"link": {"relink": True}}},
+            {"link": {"~/.f": "f"}},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     with open(os.path.join(home, ".f"), "r") as file:
diff --git a/tests/test_shell.py b/tests/test_shell.py
index 8296ab3..9ae7a64 100644
--- a/tests/test_shell.py
+++ b/tests/test_shell.py
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 def test_shell_allow_stdout(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify shell command STDOUT works."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": [{
-            "command": "echo apple",
-            "stdout": True,
-        }],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {
+                        "command": "echo apple",
+                        "stdout": True,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     output = capfd.readouterr()
@@ -36,10 +42,12 @@ def test_shell_cli_verbosity_overrides_2(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_cli_verbosity_overrides_3(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that '-vv' overrides an explicit defaults:shell:stdout=False."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": False}}},
-        {"shell": [{"command": "echo apple"}]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": False}}},
+            {"shell": [{"command": "echo apple"}]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("-vv")
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -59,12 +67,18 @@ def test_shell_cli_verbosity_stderr(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_cli_verbosity_stderr_with_explicit_stdout_off(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that commands can output to STDERR with STDOUT explicitly off."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": [{
-            "command": "echo apple >&2",
-            "stdout": False,
-        }],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {
+                        "command": "echo apple >&2",
+                        "stdout": False,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("-vv")
 
     stderr = capfd.readouterr().err.splitlines()
@@ -74,20 +88,22 @@ def test_shell_cli_verbosity_stderr_with_explicit_stdout_off(capfd, dotfiles, ru
 def test_shell_cli_verbosity_stderr_with_defaults_stdout_off(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that commands can output to STDERR with defaults:shell:stdout=False."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {
-            "defaults": {
-                "shell": {
-                    "stdout": False,
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "defaults": {
+                    "shell": {
+                        "stdout": False,
+                    },
                 },
             },
-        },
-        {
-            "shell": [
-                {"command": "echo apple >&2"},
-            ],
-        },
-    ])
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {"command": "echo apple >&2"},
+                ],
+            },
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot("-vv")
 
     stderr = capfd.readouterr().err.splitlines()
@@ -117,10 +133,12 @@ def test_shell_single_v_verbosity_stderr(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_compact_stdout_1(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that shell command stdout works in compact form."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
-        {"shell": ["echo apple"]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
+            {"shell": ["echo apple"]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -130,10 +148,12 @@ def test_shell_compact_stdout_1(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_compact_stdout_2(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that shell command stdout works in compact form."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
-        {"shell": [["echo apple", "echoing message"]]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
+            {"shell": [["echo apple", "echoing message"]]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -144,9 +164,13 @@ def test_shell_compact_stdout_2(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_stdout_disabled_by_default(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that the shell command disables stdout by default."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": ["echo banana"],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": ["echo banana"],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -156,10 +180,12 @@ def test_shell_stdout_disabled_by_default(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_can_override_defaults(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that the shell command can override defaults."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([
-        {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
-        {"shell": [{"command": "echo apple", "stdout": False}]},
-    ])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {"defaults": {"shell": {"stdout": True}}},
+            {"shell": [{"command": "echo apple", "stdout": False}]},
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -169,12 +195,18 @@ def test_shell_can_override_defaults(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_quiet_default(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that quiet is off by default."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": [{
-            "command": "echo banana",
-            "description": "echoing a thing...",
-        }],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {
+                        "command": "echo banana",
+                        "description": "echoing a thing...",
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -186,13 +218,19 @@ def test_shell_quiet_default(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_quiet_enabled_with_description(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify that only the description is shown when quiet is enabled."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": [{
-            "command": "echo banana",
-            "description": "echoing a thing...",
-            "quiet": True,
-        }],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {
+                        "command": "echo banana",
+                        "description": "echoing a thing...",
+                        "quiet": True,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
@@ -204,12 +242,18 @@ def test_shell_quiet_enabled_with_description(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
 def test_shell_quiet_enabled_without_description(capfd, dotfiles, run_dotbot):
     """Verify the command is shown when quiet is enabled with no description."""
 
-    dotfiles.write_config([{
-        "shell": [{
-            "command": "echo banana",
-            "quiet": True,
-        }],
-    }])
+    dotfiles.write_config(
+        [
+            {
+                "shell": [
+                    {
+                        "command": "echo banana",
+                        "quiet": True,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    )
     run_dotbot()
 
     stdout = capfd.readouterr().out.splitlines()
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index acabf72..3ccd81a 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 envlist =
     py{27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 310}
     pypy{2, 3}
+    py310-black
 skip_missing_interpreters = true
 
 
@@ -14,3 +15,13 @@ deps =
 
 commands =
     pytest tests/
+
+
+[testenv:py310-black]
+skip_install = true
+skip_build = true
+deps =
+    black
+
+commands =
+    black --check dotbot/ tests/